California Case Summaries

Constitutional Law

Secondary practice area

Constitutional Law, Immigration

United States v. Gonzalez-Reyes — Ninth Circuit holds California rape conviction is a categorical match for federal aggravated felony, blocking collateral attack on illegal-reentry charge

The Ninth Circuit holds that a California rape conviction under Penal Code section 261(a)(2) is a categorical match for the federal generic definition of rape, qualifying as an aggravated felony and defeating an illegal-reentry defendant’s collateral attack on his prior removal order.

Constitutional Law, Criminal Law

Armstrong v. Superior Court — Probation department, not court, decides eligibility for young adult deferred entry of judgment under Penal Code section 1000.7

Sixth District holds that the probation department, not the trial court, decides eligibility for Penal Code section 1000.7’s young adult deferred entry of judgment pilot program and rejects separation of powers and abuse of discretion challenges to a denial based on out-of-county residence.

Constitutional Law, Criminal Law

In re Bergstrom — Penal Code section 292 validly defines ‘acts of violence’ and ‘great bodily harm’ under California Constitution’s no-bail provision

Fifth District holds that Penal Code section 292’s definitions of ‘acts of violence’ and ‘great bodily harm’ are constitutional under California Constitution article I, section 12, and that a no-bail order in a serious child sexual abuse case was supported by clear and convincing evidence.

Administrative Law, Constitutional Law

City of Fresno v. Superior Court — ‘Great bodily injury’ in Penal Code section 832.7 means significant or substantial physical injury, not the narrower ‘serious bodily injury’ standard

Fifth District holds that ‘great bodily injury’ in Penal Code section 832.7 carries the long-established Penal Code section 12022.7 definition of significant or substantial physical injury, requiring broader disclosure of police K-9 use-of-force records under the CPRA.

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